The Lebanese Entrepreneurial Resilience In Times Of Crisis

Entrepreneurship is thriving throughout the world. And while nature and processes of economic activity development vary widely across countries, there widespread acknowledgement that entrepreneurship, defined as “any attempt at new venture or business creation by an individual, a team individuals, established business” (Reynolds et al. 1999) essential ingredient in mix (Kim-Soon 2016). has time again been shown to increase country, enhance job creation, alleviate poverty, positively contribute innovation (Romer 1994). In terms societal development, employment growth, entrepreneurship crucial ( Shane Venkataraman 2000). To solve environmental problems including hunger, global warming, recently suggested play key role (Dean McMullen 2007; PPorter Kramer 2011). One many types entrepreneurships appeared address these social (Mair Martí 2006), sustainable (Cohen Winn 2007), (Keogh Polonsky 1998) entrepreneurship. The goal become entrepreneur underlying motivations have consequently attracted scholarly research. What could be context Lebanese entrepreneurial system contrasts abound Lebanon? According Forbes, Lebanon had least seven billionaires United States 2018. Crisis Response Plan 2017–20, 106,000 households make less than $120 per month, $3.84 day (www.data2.unhcr.org). Individual choices regarding whether launch are framed economy. A developing economy broadens consumer commercial markets, improves access financing, offers prospects, boosts confidence take advantage those opportunities, which either impede promote start-up. contrast, slowing deteriorating may restrict both opportunity confidence. However, because aren't other ways money weak economy, more people decide start their own businesses most likely highly competitive simple-to-enter services retail industries. Innovative vigor greatly resilience improving industrial structure, reducing income gap, directing agglomeration face unpredictable policy (Wang 2021). Additionally, were notable regional heterogeneities effects creative uncertainty on resilience. This study explores following research questions: impact does innovative actions initiatives what ecosystem resorbing crisis? examine issues, researchers intend first propose theoretical framework, review existing literature. Second, present hypotheses Lebanon. Third, discuss methodology questionnaire used. Fourth, results reported. Fifth, findings discussed, practical implications presented avenues for future shown. demonstrate hypotheses, authors will adopt mixed methodology, triangulation between quantitative qualitative. sent entrepreneurs who already founded before crisis tried create during crisis. Usually, perceive establish organizations benefit from (Shane 2000) viewed agents change disrupt markets build future. understand this attitude, Interviews scheduled how able resist (based theory) despite all difficulty unprecedented even international level theory). target audience trained can significant aiding nation's rehabilitation. Infrastructure public support necessary government carry out its protection successful manner (Comfort 2002). addition issue management world presence state overcoming crisis, emerged one trends (Doern 2019). would some potential include: Investing economy: Private companies help stimulate growth jobs investing (Saleh Levy-Tadjine 2023). include ventures expanding businesses. Supporting reforms: reforms adopting good practices operating transparently (Mallah Boustani El 2017) . stable predictable environment, attract investment growth. Partnering with government: work identify implement solutions (Nsouli 2022). participating public-private partnerships collaborating Providing opportunities: alternative unemployment improve lives ordinary citizens providing opportunities. hiring local workers, training offering fair wages.